Important of cruise ships in my destination Essay

A journey transport is a boat worked for passengers,but for the most part utilized for delight cruises.A voyage transport for the most part takes travelers on expanded travels with intermittent brings in different spots of interest.The voyage industry is the quickest developing classification in the recreation travel advertise; it assumes a fundamental significant job in the travel industry segment. It is significant for voyage boats to go to my goal/nation due to the numerous advantages to be gotten from such an endeavor.Cruise transport the travel industry produces income for my goal/nation through sightseers consuming at (bars,restaurants,craft villages,shops,attractions,etc) per individual head charges and other fees.The remote trade from this advantage my goal/nation picked up greatly;it furnishes the legislature with very much required cash to help the country’s obligation and to buy merchandise and enterprises from overseas.It expands the assessment income of the admini stration also.The charges which are gathered are utilized to improve the nations framework making my goal increasingly tempting to future visitors.The journey transport industry likewise delivers work for some laborers at my destination.Persons are utilized at the different ports where the boats dock.Jobs in restaurants,bars,hotels,entertainment offices and more are additionally produced.They are likewise utilized at visit companies,attractions, make markets, and shops who offer to tourists.Security,transportation and cultivating occupations are additionally created.Accommodating voyage sends additionally takes into consideration enhancements to foundation, for example, port offices; extensions to delivery ports takes into consideration progressively more prominent boats to visit.Improvements are additionally done on open facilities.These upgrades advantage my goal over the long haul as they improve their general norm and personal satisfaction of the residents living there.Cruise tr ansport the travel industry likewise creates the chance forâ future stop over guests.

The Jmu Mailroom Case

THE JMU MAILROOM CASE If you anticipate that your mail should accompany a similar â€Å"speedy delivery† made famous via postal carrier Mr. McFeeley of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, you might be frustrated throughout the following scarcely any weeks. While mail conveyance isn't definitely more slow than ordinary, workers in the JMU postal help stockroom can offer a few reasons why they are experiencing difficulty conveying mail as immediately of course. Most of the five-part group who work in the distribution center, presently situated on South Main Street opposite Duke’s Plaza state they are vexed on the grounds that postal help the executives didn't consider their conclusions before tossing changes at them. We were counseled, however they didn’t take anything we said into account,† said Eric McKee, a postal assistance worker who works in the stockroom. Changes have included moving the distribution center to a structure a little ways from grounds whi ch comprises of a storm cellar without running water or washroom offices. Workers must stroll outside to the front of the structure so as to utilize washrooms. McKee, alongside another conveyance representative who wished to stay unknown because of a paranoid fear of losing his employment, grumbled of the â€Å"great physical stress† engaged with conveying the huge tubs of mail as opposed to conveying mailbags that can be tossed over the shoulder. As per another representative who wished to stay anonymous, notwithstanding the physical pressure, the tub-conveyance framework eases back up mail conveyance significantly. The worker said by throwing mailbags over the shoulder it was simpler to convey enormous heaps of mail, something almost inconceivable with the tubs. As indicated by Terry Woodward, executive of postal administrations, the change from mailbags to containers came the day after the stockroom change area. The progressions were achieved to suit the developing volume of mail that has come because of the expanding quantities of offices and understudies in the college, Woddward said. Conveying the mail with the tub framework rather than a sack framework lessens steps, Woodward stated, hence speeding the conveyance time. While Woodward recognized that the changing framework is the reason for mail lull, he said he anticipates that conveyance should accelerate as representatives become accustomed to the new framework. The distribution center used to be situated in a trailer behind Anthony-Seeger Hall. The new area is a five-to brief drive to grounds, which representatives state hinders their conveyance time significantly. One conveyance laborer said the move has realized â€Å"new obstacles,†, for example, trusting that a train will cross before him. The office had to get off grounds Aug. 3 when the Facilities Management Department assumed control over the trailer postal administrations used to involve close to Anthony-Seeger Hall, Woodward said. Woodward said he anticipated that underlying opposition should the progressions by postal representatives, yet trusted the laborers would keep a receptive outlook while giving the new framework time to streamline. â€Å"There’s unquestionably been some resistance,† Woodward said about postal employees’ responses to the changes. One such instance of obstruction may have achieved the terminating of Troy Munford, a mid year postal assistance worker who said the new framework is â€Å"unmanageable. † Munford claims he was terminated for â€Å"insubordination† by Sonja Mace, activities supervisor for the postal help, when he revealed to her the framework wasn’t working and attempted to orchestrate a gathering between the heads of postal administrations and the representatives. Munford said that after he advised Mace â€Å"you vowed to put forth a strong effort and clearly your best wasn’t great enough,† Mace â€Å"stomped her foot . . . nd stated, ‘you’re terminated. ’† Due to Munford’s terminating around fourteen days prior, a few workers were hesitant to stand up or have their names imprinted in the paper for dread they may likewise lose their positions. By rolling out the improvements, Mace â€Å"has multiplied, if not significantly increas ed, the workload† of the representatives, he said. ‘I’m simply worried for the individuals who are still here,† Munford said. He said he is apprehensive some of them â€Å"will hurt themselves in the end, because of the physical trouble of the activity. † Mace would not remark on any work force issues in regards to the change.

Tasty water, the Charles River, and other things that are not synonymous

Tasty water, the Charles River, and other things that are not synonymous Its a little-known fact that McCormick Hall is home to not only hundreds of wonderful and intelligent female students but also the best-tasting water on campus. Last Sunday, I filled up two entire bottles of sweet, filtered deliciousness from a burbling water fountain while the attentions of the actual residents were occupied by festivities of a barbecueous nature. I stashed the water in my assigned kitchen cabinet back at Random Hall, which is a double-stack of donuts that houses two bloggers plus some other people, whoever they might be. I mention this only because it is probably the least fascinating thing I have done at MIT. Ive gone sailing, suffered two blows to the head from a wayward mast, pretended to have selective amnesia (or maybe I actually did have it. Either way, I cant remember.), lost a pirate battle, had my lower left quadrant soaked in whatever toxic substance fills the Charles River, smashed a soccer robot into other soccer robots with reckless abandon (all the product of a week-long Mechanical Engineering pre-orientation program), slept in a 3-foot long storage container at the Boston Museum, watched people wrestle in jello, climbed on a roof at 3 AM, fell asleep on a roof from sheer exhaustion, found out that minesweeper and tetris can be played in real life (albeit at a geological pace), helped build a roller coaster at East Campus, won a game of Scrabble, not done laundry, jumped on a years worth of collected bubble wrap for 10 minutes, consumed cinnamon liquid nitrogen ice cream, soldered, saw laser graffiti, met highly intelligent people, gone bowling with highly intelligent people at 2 AM, taken a stack of free bowls, devoured pancakes at 4 AM, walked through a room while a juggling convention was in progress, almost made chain mail, and did I mention that I am still alive and non-carcinogenic and bipedal after coming into contact with the Charles River? Whats more, all of the above transpired in the span of 72 hours! Ive been here for roughly 580 hours, suggesting that, at this rate, I should go ask for another blog. Say I had to limit my inaugural entry to a mere 6 hours of my time on campus. Without a doubt, I would pick my first afternoon because: 1) if you are a potential applicant, youre probably looking for a taste of life at MIT, and its clear that the insanely complex flavors of this institvte managed to soak deeply into my first impressions, 2) I lost my camera on my second day, which means that Days 2.5 to 24 bore no fruitful pixels* and 3) I originally blogged about the day of my arrival on the actual day of my arrival, and through the energy-conserving act of copying-and-pasting, the entropy of the universe will not increase as much as it would had I produced an entirely original blog post. This in turn will slow the pace of glacier melting. Logic is so cool. (*I got a new camera last week, with promise of megapixels aplenty.) So, here we go! (Editors note: The following was originally published on August 18th, 2008 and received by eager audiences with much critical acclaim). - Circumstances necessitate that I foray into the elusive art of speed blogging. Pardon any overtones of James Joyce. Plane, sky, sleep, land, Philadelphia, plane, sky, ocean, land, Boston, adrenaline, scramble wildly for luggage, group in MIT shirts, van*, missed exit, illegal turn, turn, turn, another turn, heres your bags goodbye. Fortunately, I have now ended the postmodern phase of my literary career. Just in time to introduce you to Random Hall! *My driver bore an uncanny resemblance to Rick Astley. I felt as if I were being rickrolled every time he tried to make conversation. One of the dorm maintenance staff hauled my luggage up three flights of cramped stairs nested with hairpin turns. Ectoplasmically, my roommate appeared behind me, gave a cheery hello, and bounded upward while I followed, groggily pulling carry-on luggage and laptop from the clutches of Newtons First Law of Motion. The door to room 412 swung open. The walls were decorated like a homeless guys scrapbook. In addition to the gems below, there were labels from Fanta, Arizona Green Tea, Skittles, Coke, and Poland Springs. It gave the room the perfect touch of dumpster. As you can almost tell from the picture below, the seemingly simple task of reaching the top bunk (mine, of course) may or may not have been featured in the previous season of Fear Factor. Every single path to my cold, unspringy mattress involved creaking wood and 45-degree wobbling. I had about 4 near-death experiences while trying to install my fitted sheets (unfortunately patterned with a vertigo-inducing checkerboard design that will haunt my grimmest nightmares). Even the view made your brain cells withdraw in fright. The one from the window was somewhat better, as Im squarely in the armpit of Cambridge city life. Whats more, the light in the room was absolutely hideous, as you can clearly tell from the picture. Someone more poetic than I would call it a frosting of sun on a creamy blue cappuccino. But, alas, there is nobody more poetic than I. Kitchen? Of course it exists! Still buzzing with excitement tinged with disorientation tinged with excitement tinged with (etc . . ), I headed down to the main campus to pick up free loot. Success! I spent the rest of the afternoon unpacking and finished it off by heading out to a barbecue with my pre-orientation Mechanical Engineering group. Inexplicably, Chinese food was served over conversations about Segways, superheroes, and Survivorman. Dinner segued into a socialization period in which YouTube videos of Rube Goldberg machines were projected onto a screen with much excitement and nail-biting suspense. I dug myself into a couch and remained asleep for the entirety of the movie that followed. Woke up, staggered outside, made it back to the dorm and spiraled around until I met my room. Hi there. - (For more on the unique and mysterious properties of Random Hall, check out Kims guest entry on Sams blog). Thats all. I dont live in this room anymore, but perhaps you will someday. Just dont look down if you make it to the top bunk. Post Tagged #Random Hall

The Juvenile System And Juvenile Corrections System

The juvenile corrections system dates back to the Greek and Roman times where children were treated as adults when they committed offenses. In fact, children in trouble had no rights would receive very harsh sentences. Moving forward, Europe also treated children as adult when it came to criminal offenses. It wasn’t until the 19th century that reforms began to be considered and used on the behalf of children. In the US, just before this time in Boston, individuals began advocate for children who were troubled. After this the movement had grown to what we have today which are juvenile courts and numerous options for youth who are trouble (Chapter 2, 2000). In the US today, the juvenile court system is flooded with youth with multiple†¦show more content†¦Unconditional probation refers to the idea that the probationer’s behavior is under observation and their probation has terms that must be met but they are not officially monitored by a probation officer. Meanwhile, conditional probation applies to those who have monitoring officially and has to report into the local law enforcement. Last, special probation applies to probationers who have to fulfill certain terms as a condition of their probation like complete school or a program for rehabilituation depending on the offense. On the other hand, Intensive probation by nature is more aggressive and is also known as JISP or Juvenile Intensive Supervised Probation. It requires more face to face with the probation officers and the offender and treatment is provided. Some believe that this option has its pros and cons. More so, it is beneficial that the offender is less likel y to be arrested again for offenses since they receive treatment in addition to being monitored but at the same time the outcomes are not clear as the data is not being actively tracked due to the number of offenders in the system (Probation services). Day Treatment and Group Homes Other options in the Juvenile Correction system also include Day Treatment and Group home settings which are types of One day treatment facility in Kentucky has expectations outlined for youth to be in their treatment centers. After attending their facilities, offenders are expected to stay out of the system,Show MoreRelatedThe Role of Police, Courts and Department of Corrections in Juvenile Justice System765 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of Corrections in the Juvenile Justice System James Francis Juvenile Delinquency American Military University Professor Robert Arruda The Role of Police, Courts and Department of Corrections in the Juvenile Justice System The juvenile justice system brings the juvenile delinquent in contact with the local police, the court system and if found guilty, the Department of Corrections. This paper will discuss the role of the police, the courts and the Department of Corrections in the juvenileRead MoreJuvenile Vs Juvenile915 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile v. Adult Corrections Juvenile delinquents use to not face police or a correction system, only the fear and punishment of their families. However, as the juvenile delinquents aged they were faced with harsher punishments, but it was not until the 1800s reformers started looking for ways to teach values and built asylum and training schools. Then the concept of parens patriae occurred to establish the right to intervene in a child’s life when there were issues (Siegel, 2016). The next majorRead MoreJuvenile Boot Camps Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: Juvenile Boot Camps Juvenile Boot Camps John Coale TESST College CM102 Professor Tuer September 4, 2010 Abstract This paper will discuss the history of the canine dog. This paper will also discuss the different breeds of the canine and its purposes. This paper focuses on the training, handling, and the overall care of the canine by the police or other agencies involving canines. Increased juvenile delinquency and engagement in crime has been an issue of concern to manyRead MoreJuvenile Corrections Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pages| Juvenile Corrections | The History, Recidivism Rates, and What Works | | Gina Pardue | Corrections - SPEA J331Dr. Robert Ramsey | 12/12/2012 | | Definition of Juvenile Corrections Juvenile corrections encompasses the portions of the criminal justice system that deal with juvenile offenders. Many of these facilities and programs seem to mirror jails and prisons, but juvenile corrections are not meant for long term sentences. Sometimes sentences for juveniles are only severalRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Justice1506 Words   |  7 PagesPortfolio on Juvenile Status Offenders A juvenile status offender is a youth charged with an offense that is not consider a crime if committed by an adult; this would include but not limited to running away from home, curfew violations, underage drinking, skipping school, or beyond a parents control. Status offenders are usually not incarcerated on their first offense, but violating a court order can find them as delinquent who can result in being place in a correction or detention facility. Read MoreComparing The Geo Group Inc. And The Campaign For Youth Justice1263 Words   |  6 PagesSociety has been plagued by the issue of juveniles being charged as adults and thus being sent to adult prisons. The problem surrounding this issue is that the youth are being forced to share cells with adult inmates; this leaves them more susceptible to assault. There are two stakeholders who hold opposite perspectives surrounding this: the GEO Group Inc. and the Campaign for Youth Justice. The Campaign for Youth Justice is fighting aga inst this issue, whilst the GEO Group doesn t consider theRead MoreEvaluation Of The Corrections Officers At The Allen County Juvenile Detention Center1669 Words   |  7 Pagesapply acquired knowledge in a situation outside the typical educational structure often results in exceptional learning. The experience of working with the corrections officers at the Allen County Juvenile Detention Center helped me to think critically about the application of justice. There is much that can be said specifically about the correction officers and some of their attitudes and actions. They do contribute to the atmosphere, however, changing other aspects such as the rules or the actual buildingRead MoreProbation Orientation Meetings And The Criminal Justice Field865 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation on criminal activity. Like most agency, Louisiana Department of Corrections is a workplace violence free zone, sexual harassment free zone, drug free zone. Louisiana Department of Correction also a diverse work environment, and also against discrimination of people with disabilities. Lafayette Probation and Parole under the state level which deal with adults. It is apart of corrections in the criminal justice system. Corrections involves the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons whoRead MoreFuture of the Juvenile Justice System1280 Words   |  6 PagesFuture of the Juvenile Justice System The future of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offersRead MoreDo Incarcerated Youth Get The Education They Need?913 Words   |  4 Pagesand wellbeing in adulthood. Historically, one group of students in the United States has received grossly inadequate education: children in juvenile correctional facilities. Little to nothing is known about educational programs in juvenile detention centers. Limited information is available on best practices for educating youth in the juvenile justice system whether committed or detained. Koyama cites that existing empirically based educational practices do not readily transfer to the unique environment

The History and Composition of Boley, Oklahoma - 1703 Words

Introduction Imagine living in a town that was once thriving with successful businesses to a community that barely exist. As you travel down the deserted roads of your community you are surrounded by boarded up memorable buildings, deteriorating homes, and empty storefronts. The water tower that stands tall for all to see is now covered by rust. While the streets in which you are traveling on show signs of frequent patchwork in an effort to salvage the road. As you pass by what once was your favorite mom and pop’s restaurant you began to reminisce on the time you spent there with loved ones. This has become the story of residents in Boley, Oklahoma; one of the first all black towns in the state. History In 1903 the community of†¦show more content†¦Highway 62 before reaching Boley’s main street; Pecan Street. Because this highway was built just south of Boley travelers are encouraged to pay close attention and anticipate the turnoff leading to the small town. Demographics According to the United States Census Bureau (2010) the population of Boley, Oklahoma is 1,184 (U.S. Census, 2010). This population number also includes male inmates who are incarcerated at John Lilley Correctional Center. Males who reside in Boley, Oklahoma make up more than half of the population. In fact, 86.5% of the population is males while the female population is at a low 13.5%. There are exactly 160 females and 1,024 males living in the town of Boley. However, 820 males are housed at the John Lilley Correctional Center (Oklahoma Department Of Corrections, 2014). The population of Boley, Oklahoma consists of 5.8% of individuals under the age of 18, 6.1% between 18 to 24, 49.7% between 25 to 44, 32.3% between 45 to 64 and 6.2% of people ages 65 or older. As indicated by the U.S. Census Bureau the median age in this rural town is 39.4 (U.S. Census, 2010). The racial makeup of Boley, Oklahoma is 39.1% of African Americans, 43.8% Caucasians, 5.9% American Indian, 6.0% Hisp anic/Latino, 0.1% Asian, and 5.1% of individuals who identified themselves as some other race (U.S. Census, 2010). Although the numbers shows a high percentage of Caucasians the race of non-incarcerated people

Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms Free Essays

Running head: HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL NORMS Do social norms influence human behaviour? Human behaviour is the response to given stimuli, which are socially and environmentally affected. This response is something that can easily be influenced and shaped through many personal, situational, social, biological, mental factors. In this essay the case of social norms influencing human behaviour will be analyzed using previous studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social norms are part of a larger influential scale generally named as social influence. Social influence is the exercise of power that an individual or a group can use on other individuals or society in order to alter their attitudes, behaviours and lead them to a desired direction. Social influence has as an outcome three different behavioural patterns, which are conformity, compliance and obedience. All of them will be discussed, but especially conformity and compliance, which mainly include the influence of social norms on behaviour (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini Goldstein, 2004). Firstly, conformity in general is the action to adapt with the behaviour of the rest of the people due to perceived group pressure. Practically, this means that the way people dress, entertain themselves, protest, work, eat, go on vacations, disclose themselves and substantially anything an individual can occupy himself, is formed by group’s direction and tendencies because the majority of people, if not all of them, try to socialize and be accepted by their society in any possible way. This phenomenon is called conformity and it is an ambiguous question if independence, which indeed is a reality, exists anyway. This happens because people voluntarily direct their independence towards society’s preferences and tendencies in order to feel that they belong somewhere and they have a particular social identity (Franzoi, 2009). The second factor of influence is the compliance and it is has to do with the public and clear acceptance of one’s person to act according to given social direction by the indicated social power. However, compliance can be divided into internal and external. This means that a person can comply with a situation either because someone else indirectly forces him or either because he believes he should act like this. For example, if someone asks his friend to lie in order not to have problems with parents (e. g. cover a sneaking out) but he does it in the name of friendship even if he does not really want it, this is a clear example of external force making you to comply. Internal compliance is the opposite state where personal beliefs and attitudes force you to do something without having any external pressure to do something. This issue is very important because in the case of external compliance, social norms are in a great influential position in contrast to internal compliance where personal beliefs mainly take place on the decisional process (Franzoi, 2009). On the other hand obedience is the total performance of a given order by social power without any resistance against it or trial to sustain independence. Social power is the available social sources through social acceptance and social status that a person or a group of people can have in order to exercise persuasion and give motivation to make people change or fulfill their requests. Consequently, these three parts of social influence represents the levels of personal accordance to social patterns, authoritarian or not. Specifically, it can be noticed that the level of individual’s independence sets if a situation is more about conformity (unconscious but voluntary acceptance of the norms), or compliance (internal or external acceptance) or obedience (total accordance to social power) (Cook et al. , as cited in Franzoi, 2009; Franzoi, 2009). Focusing more one the aspect of conformity and the influence of social norms, there are specific factors that affect conformity and levels of social norms’ influence on it. These factors can be situational, personal and cultural. Situational factors can be group size, group cohesiveness, and social support. Group size is important because as Asch (1955) found, the larger the group, the bigger the phenomenon of conformity due to social norms. Group cohesiveness makes the group to have greater bonds due to similarity and ability to easily show empathy to each other (Christensen et al. , 2004) and social support is noticed to groups with higher levels of cohesiveness and bonding. On the other hand, there are personal factors ffecting the type of conformity such as self-awareness (ability to understand own self), self-presentation (try to present ideal self in order to conform), personal control (desire to feel that one has control, as a human right, over particular situations) and gender (gender differences- women are more likely to conform) (Franzoi, 2009). Based on all the previously referred material, conformity is totally driven by social norms, norms that are not written but sometimes are more powerful than law; the way that a person conforms to society affects the level and type of his compliance to society’s requests. For example, if a person has as personal characteristic not to like altering his self-image/ presentation based on society’s preferences due to his intense belief in independence, it is possible that this person will comply more difficult because of external motivation instead of internal. On the other hand, this means that if a person has an internal compliance only to smile to people who knows and not to anybody else due to his belief, this will affect the way that he conforms to the social norm of smiling to people in general in order to be kind. This shows how social norms can affect conformity and consequently compliance and the other way around, respectively. Furthermore, people have a tendency to create and maintain meaningful relationships with other people because they need socializing as human beings, which is called as affiliation. Affiliation is a good example of internal compliance. This motivation makes the compliance to socializing and dedicating energy and time on building relationships, an internal acceptance for personal growth (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini Goldstein, 2004). Nevertheless, there is the issue of how and when external compliance to social norms such as stereotyping occurs. In particular, Bargh and Chartrand (1999) did a study on automaticity of behaviour and found that when people are unconsciously pre-occupied with e. g. stereotyping words, even if they believe that stereotyping is wrong, they are likely to stereotype because they unconsciously externally comply with the given stimuli. Stereotyping is a form of social norm. People may stereotype in order to protect themselves; for example, filthy aggressive people on the street may be perceived as thieves or criminals. So there are two outcomes on this example. One person may believe that the appearance cannot indicate anything about personal characteristics but in the end he conforms to the social norm and try to avoid him as the other people around him do (external compliance). On the other hand, one may truly believe that these kinds of people are definitely criminals because he might have a bad experience in the past so he avoids him due to his belief (internal compliance to the social norm of avoiding this kind of people) (Franzoi, 2009; Cialdini Goldstein, 2004; Bargh Chartrand, 1999). Rimal and Real (2005) did a study on how perceived norms affect human behaviour with college students in order to investigate intentions to alcohol consumption. They proposed the theory of normative social behaviour that includes three mechanisms: injunctive norms (such as social approval), outcome expectations (such as personal benefits) and group identity (such as similarity). Their hypothesis was that these three mechanisms are able to moderate the influence of social norms on the human behaviour. Indeed, their results showed that these normative mechanisms could predict the intention of alcohol consumption to college students. Consequently, this study is a clear answer to the question whether social norms affect human behaviour. In addition, Rivis and Sheeran (2003) did a study on Theory of planned behaviour in order to find out whether added descriptive norms can be good predictors of human behaviour in the particular model. Their results showed that younger participants and health risk behaviours are greatly related to stronger correlation between intentions of behaviour and descriptive norms; confirming that behaviour is affected by norms. As a conclusion, the general point of view in all these theories and facts is that social norms affect human behaviour through the state of conformity and compliance. Substantially, the intentions of behaviour can be affected either implicitly or explicitly. People conform to the society in order to be accepted and comply with various social norms that conformity requires through implicit/internal or explicit/external way. Even if personal and situational factors may influence the level of compliance and conformity, people constantly comply with various requests either due to personal beliefs or due to accepting other’s personal beliefs. Word count: 1. 440 References Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 31-35. Bargh, J. A. , Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist, 54, 462-479. Christensen, P. N. , Rothberger, H. , Wood, W. , Maltz, D. C. (2004). Social norms and identity relevance: A motivational approach to normative behaviour. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1295-1309. Cialdini, R. B. , Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 591-621. Franzoi, S. L. (2009). Social psychology (5th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rimal, R. N. , Real, K. (2005). How behaviours are influenced by perceived norms: A test of the theory of normative social behaviour. Communication Research, 32, 389-414. Rivis, A. , Sheeran, P. (2003). Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Current psychology, 22, 218-233. How to cite Essay on Human Behaviour and Social Norms, Essay examples

The League Of Nations And Its Impact On World Pea Essay Example For Students

The League Of Nations And Its Impact On World Pea Essay ceThrough my studies and research I have come to thefollowing conclusion about the League of Nations: despiteall of President Woodrow Wilsons efforts, the League wasdoomed to fail. I feel this was so for many reasons, someof which I hope to convey in the following report. From theday when Congress voted on the Fourteen Points, it wasobvious that the League had a very slim chance of beingpassed in Congress, and without all of the World powers, theLeague had little chance of surviving. On November 11, 1918 an armistice was declared inEurope. Wilson saw the opportunity to form an internationalorganization of peace to be formed. He acted quickly. OnJanuary 18, 1919 he released his fourteen points. TheFourteen Points consisted of many things, but the mostimportant was the fourteenth-the establishment of a leagueof nations to settle international disputes and to keep thepeace. After congress had voted, only three of Wilsonsfourteen points were accepted without compromise. Six ofthe others were rejected all together. Fortunately theLeague was compromised. We will write a custom essay on The League Of Nations And Its Impact On World Pea specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Wilson then went to Europe to discuss the Treaty ofVersailles. Representatives from Italy, France, and Britaindidnt want to work with the nations they had defeated. They wanted to hurt them. After much fighting andnegotiating, Wilson managed to convince them that a leagueof nations was not only feasible, it was necessary. The Senate supported most of the Treaty of Versaillesbut not the League. They thought it would make the U.S.A. too involved in foreign affairs. Wilson saw that the Leaguemay not make it through Congress, so he went on the road andgave speeches to sway the public opinion. Unfortunately,Wilsons health, which was already depleted from thenegotiations in France, continued to recede. Wilsons battlewith his health reached its climax when Wilson had a strokeon his train between speeches. After Wisons stroke, support of the League weakened,both in Congress and in the publics opinion. In 1920 G. Harding, who opposed the League, was elected as president. The League formed but the U.S. never joined. The first meeting of the League was held in Geneva,Switzerland on November 15, 1920 with fourty two nationsrepresented. During twenty-six years the League lived, atotal of sixty-three nations were represented at one time oranother. Thirty-one nations were represented all twenty-sixyears. The League had an assembly, a council, and asecretariat. Before World War II, the assembly convenedregularly at Geneva in September. There were threerepresentatives for every member state each state having onevote. The council met at least three times a year toconsider political disputes and reduction of armaments. The council had several permanent members, France,Great Britan, Italy, Japan, and later Germany and the SovietUnion. It also had several nonpermanent members which wereelected by the assembly. The councils decisions had to beunanimous. The secretariat was the administrative branch of theLeague and consisted of a secretary, general, and a staff offive hundred people. Several other organizations wereassociated with the League- the Permanent Court ofInternational Justice, also called the World Court, and theInternational Labor Organization. One important activity of the League was thedisposition of certain territories that had been colonies ofGermany and Turkey before World War I. Territories wereawarded to the League members in the form of mandates. Themandated territories were given different degrees ofindependence in accordance with their geographic situation,their stage of development, and their economic status. .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 , .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .postImageUrl , .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 , .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7:hover , .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7:visited , .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7:active { border:0!important; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7:active , .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7 .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue47ddedea3b0d3360fe0c89aa49adcd7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes EssayThe League, unfortunately, rarely implemented itsavailable resources, limited through the were, to achievetheir goal, to end war. The League can be credited withcertain social achievements. these achievements includesettlement of disputes between Finland and Sweden over theAland Islands in 1921 and between Greece and Bulgaria overtheir mutual border in 1925. Great powers preferred to handle their affairs on theirown; French occupation of the Ruhr and Italian occupation ofCorfu, both in 1923, went on in spite of the League. TheLeague failed to end the war between Bolivia and Paraguaryover the Gand Chaco between 1932 and 1935. The League alsofailed to stop Ital ys invasion of Ethiopia, which began in1935. Although Germany joined in 1926, the National Socialistgovernment withdrew in 1933 as did Japan, after theirattacks on China were condemned by the League. The Leaguewas now powerless to prevent the events in Europe that leadto World War 2. In 1940 the secretariat in Geneva wasreduced to a skeleton staff and moved to the U.S. andCanada. In 1946 the League voted to effect its own dissolution,whereupon much of its property and organization weretransferred to the United Nations which had resently beenfounded. Never truly effective as a peace keepingorganization, the lasting importance of the League ofNations lies in the fact that it provided the groundwork forthe United Nations. This international alliance, formedafter World War 2, not only profited by the mistakes of theLeague but borrowed much of the organizational machinics ofthe League of Nations. The League of Nations and its impact on world peaceJohn JamesMrs. HippeHistoryMarch 7, 1996Bibliography: Mothner, Ira. Woodrow Wilson, Champion of Peace. New YorkWatts Inc., 1969Mason, Lorna; Garcia, Jesus; Powell, Frances; Risinger,Fredrick. Americas Past and Promise. BostonMcDougal Littell, 1995Albright, Madeleine. America and the League of Nations,Lessons for Today SpeechUnited States Department of State 1994McNally, Rand. Atlas of World History. New YorkReed Internat ional Books Limited, 1992Microsoft. The League of Nations.Excarta 95. 1995Words/ Pages : 1,045 / 24

finace reform essays

finace reform essays After what would be considered the closet race in presidential history, the US Supreme Court needs to find a way to get the public more involved. Senator John McCain and Russ Feingold are pushing towards a campaign finance reform. Republic John McCain is saying that we must put a stop on "soft" money, and increase "hard" money. The amount "soft" money that are politicians are getting has increased from $105.1 million to $392.9 million since 1994. This reform will stop this money from going in to our political system, so that it will not only be corporations and wealthy individuals that donate money to the campaign. Of course the Republicans and the Democrats can not come up with a decision that they will both agree with. This bill is going threw the senate as we speak, and both Republican Fred Thompson, senator from Tennessee, and Senator Dianne Feinstien, a democrat from California, are going to give there proposed edition of the reform. After the 2000 election both parties a gree that we need to have something done, and right now they are trying to pass the Campaign Finance Reform bill that will put a stop on the "soft" money, and would increase the amount of "hard" money. Republican senator Fred Thompson said that increasing the cap on "hard" money would be the solution to this problem. He would raise "hard" money an individual can give from $1,000 to $2,500 for each election. He would also increase the amount individuals can give to candidates every two years from $50,000 to $100,000. The interest groups or political action committees would be able to donate $7,500 and increase from $5,000. Most republicans agree with this decision because it is a proven fact that republican raise more "hard" money than Democrats, almost 2-1. That is why it is going to be that much harder to get the Democrats to go along with this proposal. So with this raise on hard money senator Fred Thompson is hoping to lure both the republica...

Hangover Remedies and Prevention

Hangover Remedies and Prevention A hangover is a name given to the unpleasant aftereffects of drinking too much alcohol. While a lucky 25%-30% of drinkers are naturally resistant to experiencing hangovers, the rest of you might want to know how to prevent or cure a hangover. Heres a look at what causes a hangover and some effective hangover remedies. Hangover Symptoms If you have had a hangover, you knew it  and didnt need to read a symptom list to get a diagnosis. Alcohol hangovers are characterized by some or all of the following symptoms: dehydration, nausea, headache, fatigue, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, sensitivity to light and sound, trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and poor depth perception. Many people experience an extreme aversion to the smell, taste, sight, or the thought of alcohol. Hangovers vary, so the range and intensity of symptoms may be different between individuals and from one occasion to another. Most hangovers begin several hours after drinking. A hangover may last as long as a couple of days. Hangover Causes According To Chemistry Drinking an alcoholic beverage that contains impurities or preservatives can give you a hangover, even if you only have one drink. Some of these impurities may be other alcohols besides ethanol. Other hangover-causing chemicals are congeners, which are by-products of the fermentation process. Sometimes impurities are intentionally added, such as zinc or other metals which may be added to sweeten or enhance the flavor of certain liqueurs. Otherwise, it matters what you drink and how much you drink. Drinking to excess is more likely to cause a hangover than drinking moderately. You get a hangover because the ethanol in the drink caused an increase in urine production, leading to dehydration. Dehydration causes headaches, fatigue, and dry mouth. Alcohol also reacts with the stomach lining, which can lead to nausea. Ethanol is metabolized into acetaldehyde, which is actually a lot more toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic than the alcohol itself. It takes some  time to break down the ace taldehyde into acetic acid, during which youll experience all the symptoms of acetaldehyde exposure. Prevent a Hangover The only sure way to prevent a hangover is to avoid drinking. While you may not be able to totally prevent a hangover, drinking a lot of water or other rehydrating drink will go a long way toward preventing or lessening most hangover symptoms. Hangover Remedies If drinking water didnt help you out enough or its too later and youre already suffering, there are some potentially beneficial remedies. Drink Water: Youll feel miserable until you are rehydrated. Water is an excellent hangover remedy. So is orange juice, unless your stomach is too upset to handle it.Eat Something Simple: Eggs contain cysteine, which may help combat hangover symptoms. Milk is more food than water, but it serves to rehydrate you while supplying calcium, which may ease your misery.Sodium Bicarbonate: Try a spoonful of baking soda in water to help quell the hangover queasiness.Exercise: It raises your metabolic rate, which helps you clear toxins associated with metabolizing alcohol. Exercise helps you deliver oxygen to your cells, which can increase the speed at which you detoxify harmful compounds.Oxygen: Supplemental oxygen is another way to speed up detoxification after drinking alcohol, without having to exercise.Vitamin B1 or Thiamine: Thiamine helps prevent the buildup of glutarate in the brain, which may be associated with part of a headache associated with a hangover. Other B vitamins are deplete d when you drink, so taking a B vitamin complex may be beneficial. Hangover Dont While it may be alright to take a couple of aspirin to deal with a hangover, dont take a couple of acetaminophen (Tylenol) tablets. Alcohol with acetaminophen is a recipe for potentially lethal liver damage.

The Emergence of Industry Clusters. Theory & Evidence Essay

The Emergence of Industry Clusters. Theory & Evidence - Essay Example According to the researchers, an industry cluster may be defined as a geographical adjacent group of interrelated industrial firms and connected institutions which is linked by unity and harmony. In an organisational form, clusters offer more flexibility to the industrial firms in the ever- changing industrial environment. In other words, the extent along with the nature of link between the customers, the suppliers and the competitors determine the various advantages of industrial cluster with respect to industrial structure. The emergence of industry clusters has made an exceptional mark as well as caused a significant variation in regional financial performance of the United States and Germany. Through the occurrence of pioneering clusters of the companies and industries such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry, the researchers observed that the above mentioned industrial units attained strong financial performance d ue to the presence of modernised clusters. Thus, it can be stated that during the emergence of industry clusters lie a significant as well as mention worthy effect upon attaining strong and well organised financial performance which is performed by the industrial units such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry. The industry clusters act as a source of local modernisation along with improvement towards geographic attention of various business organisations, industrial firms and related trade institutions that include standard agencies and trading organisations among others. ... rgement, the formation and the progression of industry clusters such as semiconductor industry of Silicon Valley, automobile industry of Detroit and German Laser industry are elaborately discussed. Supportive theories and evidences along with various prescribed policy recommendations regarding the emergence and impact of industry clusters will also be taken into concern in the discussion of this paper. Key Facts of the Industry Clusters There are various factors that are associated with industry clusters that encompass a favourable business situation which is an elementary requirement for activating industrial agglomeration (Klepper, 2009). The factors that include steady macroeconomic atmosphere, government institutional structure, enhanced legal system, and modernised technologies are regarded as a few of the encouraging factors for industrial clustering. The factors that include deficiency of low labour cost, trained labours and professionals, scarcity of advanced physical structu re such as roads, legalised actions and legislations and lack of improved logistics, production methods and innovative business operations eventually act as an obstacle towards industrial clustering (Klepper, 2009). Along with the encouraging factors, there also lie certain major elements that act as a crucial obstacle towards industrial clustering. It has been identified that the two most inspiring and remarkable industry clusters of the United States are especially the semiconductor industry in Silicon Valley and the automobile industry in Detroit (Klepper, 2009). In the early days of semiconductor industry i.e. 1950, Silicon Valley enjoyed maximum financial leverage due to the contribution of its semiconductor industry. However, in the next 30 years, nearly 100 semiconductor companies

Edouard Manet Meet the Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Edouard Manet Meet the Artist - Essay Example He was a critical figure in the evolution from Realism to Impressionism. His style of art greatly portrayed a contemporary ethos which showcased his interest in the various art paintings he exhibited. His initial masterpieces would later function as key inspiration for various painters in the future. Most of his paintings served as edifying points for the fledgling painters who were aspiring to craft Impressionism. Some examples of his exceptional paintings are the Olympia and Luncheon on the Grass. These two paintings spurred great debate and criticism since it was argued that the canvases lacked moral belief. During his time, the Paris Salon, which was a major exhibition center, rejected his submission of the art due to his eccentric painting style during that particular era. Even though he had prior submitted multiple art works to the Salon, some of which earned the Salon’s worthy mention. His choice for the modern portraits was a high target for public criticism. Following the rejection of approximately 4000 paintings by Paris Salon in 1863, King Napoleon III ordered the establishment of a Salon des Refusà ©s (Salon of the Rejected), aimed at exhibiting the rejected paintings. Manet most of his rejected paintings at this exhibition and later moved on to Spain and build a pavilion using his inheritance to aid in promoting his art contemporary art.  

The Game Of Volleyball Physical Education Essay

The Game Of Volleyball Physical Education Essay Volleyball is a team sport that has earned his place in every competitive level, based on very quick and explosive movements, such as jumping, hitting, diving and blocking (Mario. C Marques, Roland Van Den Tillaar, Tim J. Gabbett, Victor M. Reis, and Juan J. Gonzalez-Badillo, 2009). The squad consists of 12 players with team positioning depending on the attributes the player has, the positions are broadly defined as setters, hitters, opposite and outside hitters (left and right), middle blockers and liberos, each of the positions have a specific role within a match (Mario C. Marques et al. 2009). The left and right outside hitters positioning is at the net, and the priority for these players is to spike the ball and block opponent attacks. The percentages of attack and block jumps performed according to the position played in the court were 33 and 67 % for Position 2(right side outside hitter), 29 and 71 % for Position 3 (middle blocker), and 59 and 41 for position 3 (left side outsi de hitter). The left outside hitter focuses more in spike jumps than blocking because the right outside hitter is the one that helps more the middle blocker, focusing mostly in block jumps (Black, 1995). Every spike is made approximately at 100MPH, the player with the greater strength blocking or spiking will be the one that wins the joust (Scates et al.,2003). The athletes in volleyball generate a great deal of force when landing after performing an approach jump, blocking a spike, during a spike and while diving (Gadeken, 1999). Data gathered within the past competition seasons tells us that the athletes that are involved in volleyball sport do short run distances, vertical jumps and change directions frequently in a matter of seconds during the games. The trainings made by coaches should be based on this data to increase the attributes needed for a maximal performance but keeping a minimum reduction in performance due to fatigue (Black, 1995). According to Gadeken (1999) players must have a solid strength, plyometric and conditioning foundation in order to be able to absorb the forces generated while performing jumps and sudden movements. Certain abilities must be developed during training activities such as the high jumps, hand-eye coordination, fast response to change positions rapidly maintaining body balance, short distance running amongst others. Volleyball is a high speed sport in which anaerobic training is needed to gain energy; the source is the phosphagen system which provides ATP (adenosine triphosphate) (Scates, et al. 2003). Athletes according to Scates, et al. (2003) do not only have to be in good physical condition to play volleyball, an athlete has to be in volleyball condition in order to be able to perform as expected, this involves the capability of the athlete to perform high jumps at the same height during a match, and must have the energy to maintain the physical feats while sustaining their levels of strength, power and agility. Timothy J. Piper tells us that in womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intercollegiate volleyball the most important factor for success is the upper-body strength and for spiking velocity the main factor is the shoulder extension strength at high speeds. The major muscle groups utilized while hitting, blocking, passing, setting and moving at a volleyball game or training drill were studied to determine the movement patterns. Balance and coordination are required in order to comply with the demands of body movement while the athletes are on their feet (Gadken, 1999). In order to produce a greater force while jumping the glutes, hamstrings, quadriceps, and calves work together to produce the power necessary to impulse the body up (Scates, et al. 2003). According to Marques et al. (2009) there are differences in anthropometric, muscular strength and power characteristics of volleyball athletes according to the position they are playing. The outside hitters have a significant difference in maximal bench press strength, parallel squat and throwing distances than the setters and liberos, demonstrating to have greater lower-body strength. Outside hitter skills and drills are different from a setter or libero, while the setter focuses in well set passes, an outside hitter will focuse on block jumps, backpedaling for 4 m, rapid spike approaches and spike jumps, every exercise done within a short period of time (Allen Hendrick, 2007). Volleyball training is in need of anaerobic conditioning due to the short and explosive movments and high power outputs, games may last a long period of time but the game plays are not continuous with many breaks during the game (Scates, et al., 2003). Specificity and overload are necessary to increase the body efforts and improvement, according to Black (1995) the overload training must be stimulus; this means that the weights, speed, height and duration must be greater than usual in order to have a direct impact in body resistance, strength and conditioning. Increasing the speed, power and overall coordination is important and it can be achieved by doing Olympic-style lifts and Power cleans to develop the hip and back power (Timothy J. Piper, 1997). The volume of strength training varies depending on the exercise. Olympic style lifts never exceed 6 repetitions in some programs due to the fact that performing more than 6 repetitions may place the athlete at risk for injury (Gadeken, 1999). The use of free weights and of upper and lower body ballistic training is important in developing strength and power (Gadeken, 1999). Like basketball players, volleyball athletes need to be able to leap with agility and power but also be able to hit the ball with an enormous force while suspended in mid-air (Scates et al., 2003). Importance made on movements in which the athletes are on their feet, the exercise is similar to the demands of volleyball, and balance and coordination are required (Gadeken, 1999). It is necessary for the volleyball player to have a great upper-body strength, stability of the shoulder socket, and functional trunk strength to allow the athlete to swing faster and more powerfully (Scates et al., 2003). The shoulder joint musculature and rotator cuff muscles are of major concern because of their roll in stabilization of the shoulder and because of the high forces produced while spiking and blocking (Gadeken, 1999).

Gross Negligence Manslaughter Essay

â€Å"In our judgement the law is clear. The ingredients of the offence have been clearly defined, and the principles decided in the House of Lords in Adomako . They involve no uncertainty. The hypothetical citizen, seeking to know his his position, would be advised that, assuming he owed a duty of care to the deceased which he had negligently broken, and that death resulted, he would be liable to conviction for manslaughter if, on the available evidence, the jury was satisfied that his negligence was gross. â€Å" Per Judge LJ R. v. Misra and Srivastava [2004] EWCA Crim 2375 para 64 (in the Court of Appeal Criminal Division) In light of the above comments, consider the elements of the offence of Gross Negligence Manslaughter and, referring to relevant authority, critically assess whether the current law in this area is certain and satisfactory. This paper is going to consider elements of the offence of Gross Negligence Manslaughter and will assess, whether the current law in this area is certain and satisfactory. In order to discuss whether the law governing Gross Negligence Manslaughter is in a certain and satisfactory state, I need to first consider its elements and then look at the current law, outlining the problems, and lastly discuss the proposed changes. Gross negligence manslaughter is a form of involuntary manslaughter where the defendant is apparently acting lawfully. Involuntary manslaughter may arise where the defendant has caused death but neither intended to cause it nor intended to cause serious bodily harm and therefore lacks the mens rea of murder. Whereas constructive manslaughter happens where the defendant commits an unlawful act which results in death, gross negligence manslaughter does not depend on representing an unlawful act has been committed. It can be said to apply where the defendant commits a lawful act in such a way as to render the actions criminal. Gross negligence manslaughter also differs from constructive manslaughter in that it can be committed by omission. The leading authority for gross negligence manslaughter is decision of the House of Lords in Adomako (1994) , where doctor Adomako’s actions of negligence caused his patient’s death. It was decided by Lord Mackay, that liability for this type of manslaughter arises where the jury decides that â€Å"Having regard to the risk of death involved, the conduct of the defendant was as bad in all the circumstances as to amount in their judgement to a criminal act or omission† In Adomako, House of Lords decided that gross negligence test is correct to use in all cases where duty of care has been broken. According to Adomako case, the following elements are considered to be a form of this involuntary manslaughter: the existence of a duty of care, breach of that duty resulting in death and gross negligence which the jury consider justifies criminal conviction. I will now study the first element of the gross negligence manslaughter offence which is duty of care. The criminal law recognise certain duty situations, Adomako itself involved a breach of duty owed by a hospital anaesthetic towards a patient (under a contract of employment). The requirement of a duty of care is fundamentally a civil law concept found in the law of tort. (Wacker [2003]). D owes a duty of care not to injure anyone whom he or she could reasonably foreseeably injure. Applying that to this context, there is a duty of care if there was a risk that an act or omission of the defendant might kill the victim. As it is a legal concept, it is for the judge to decide whether a set of facts gave rise to a duty of care. When bearing in mind the Adomako, the House of Lords approved the case of Stone v Dobinson (1977), in which D had undertaken a duty of care. The Miller principle, in turn, was used as the basis of the duty in the recent gross negligence manslaughter of Evans (2009), which decided that a duty may be imposed on those who ‘create or contribute to â€Å"life threatening situation†.. Alan Lidbury, in his book Criminal Law, asks the following question ‘so is the ambit of the offence limited to those who, for whatever reason, have either undertaken or had a duty imposed upon them or should it be wider ’’? Lord Mackay LC, when considering the case of Adomako, said that ‘’the ordinary principles of law of negligence apply to ascertain whether or not D has been in breach of a duty of care towards the victim’’. By looking at the above statement, it is clear that those same principles should apply in determining these people to whom a duty of care is owed. These principles can be found in the leading negligence case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932). In this case, Lord Atkin in the House of Lords said you must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour (†¦) persons who are closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called into question’’. It can be argued that this goes much further than the traditional duty situations. If this examination is correct, then this form of manslaughter has certainly a very wide scope. Nevertheless, the principles of criminal and civil law do not always go well together. This is demonstrated by the case of Wacker (2003), which involved the bodies of 58 illegal immigrants and two survivors which were found in a lorry at Dover. The D was convicted of 58 counts of manslaughter by gross negligence and appealed. He argued that because the illegal immigrants had shared the same purpose as him (gain access to the UK), he did not owe them a duty of care. This argument was rejected by Court of Appeal on the grounds that the public policy issues relating to civil law were different to criminal law and even where there was an fundamental unlawful purpose, he did not prevent criminal responsibility arising. The above case was followed by Willoughby (2004), where the court decided that D, as participant in a joint enterprise, owed the other participant a duty of care. The next element of gross negligence manslaughter which needs to be examined is a breach of duty of care. The ordinary law of negligence applies to these cases, in that those with an established duty of care, must act as a â€Å"reasonable person would do in their position†. If they fail to do so they breach that duty. This is called an objective test and will be grounded upon defendant’s situation at the time of the breach. Thus, if the defendant’s actions were within the range of what was commonly accepted as being the standard practice, it will be problematic to describe such behaviour as falling far below the standard of a reasonable person in his position. An unqualified person is not to be judged at a lower standard than a qualified person. Hence the absence of skill will not be a defence if the conduct is considered negligent. If however, the defendant has precise skills and knowledge of a danger that the reasonable person would not have, his actions should be judged in the light of those skills or knowledge. This test is an objective test. In the case of R v DPP ex parte Jones (2000) it was decided that no matter whether the defendant did not escalate the risk (the predictable risk of death) only that the risk would have been obvious to a reasonable person in the defendant’s position. The third and last element to consider is gross negligence. Just demonstrating that D has been in breach of a duty to another person and caused that person’s death will certainly not lead to liability for gross negligence manslaughter. There is something more necessary. In Adomako, the House of Lords confirmed that the correct test for this additional component was ‘‘gross negligence’’. This established a line of case law dating back to Bateman (1925), which as well as Adomako, involved negligent treatment by a doctor which caused patient to die. In this cases, it was explained by Lord Hewart LCJ that in order to establish criminal liability for gross negligence ‘the negligence of the accused went beyond a mere matter of compensation between subjects and showed such disregard for the life and safety of others as to amount to a crime against the state and conduct deserving punishment’’. This passage may be criticised for being somewhat imprecise, it tells the jury to convict if they think that D’s negligence was bad enough to amount to the misconduct. Nevertheless, the Bateman test received approval from the House of Lords in Andrews v DPP (1937), which involved death by extremely negligent driving. The Bateman case has also been approved in Adomako, where Lord Mackay LC stated that it was for the jury to ‘’consider whether the extent to which D’s conduct departed from the proper standard of care incumbent on him (†¦) was such that it should be judged criminal â€Å". Lord Mackay acknowledged that the test â€Å"involves an element of circularity† but was adamant that the matter had to be left to the jury. In Andrews, Lord Atkins at least offered some direction on exactly how ‘bad’ D’s negligence has to be. He said that ‘a very high degree of negligence is required to be proved’. Mere inattention by D would never suffice for criminal liability, D must have had a ‘criminal disregard’ for ‘others’ safety or the grossest unawareness or the most criminal inattention. In Mistra v Srivastava (2004), Court of Appeal held that the components of gross negligence manslaughter involved no vagueness which offended against Article 7 of the European Convention of Human Rights, which provides that â€Å"no one shall be guilty of any criminal offence on the basis of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed (†¦)† It had been argued that the application of the ECHR into British law via Human Rights Act 1998 meant that the principles set in Adomako were no longer a good law. The disagreement was put for the appellants that condition leaves it to the jury to decide a query of law, specifically whether the negligence initiating death amounted to gross negligence and so created a crime. To leave this assessment to be accomplished by different juries at each individual trial affords too little direction to those who owe duties of care. This absence of precision is compounded by indirectness: gross negligence manslaughter is any killing in breach of duty found to be grossly negligent. The disagreement failed. The court did not reflect that the jury had a law-making role when determining, on the facts demonstrated, whether D was guilty of manslaughter on the basis of a negligent breach of burden owed to victim. Whether the negligence was effectively bad as to be â€Å"gross† negligence was a matter of fact. If the jury made a conclusion to this effect, a decision of guilty would follow inevitably on the basis of the conclusion; the verdict of guilt was not something complementary to the outcome. The jury were merely finding facts within the boundaries of a legal standard, and the legal standard was reasonably clear to please the necessities of Article 7. On the face of it, the Article 7 dispute had particular strength. If someone remained to request, say, in what situations would D be said to have â€Å"murdered† V, we could tell our inquirer that, all other things comparable, D murders V if he causes V’s death with intent to kill or to cause really serious bodily harm. If there is time and patience, we could go on and tell him about the history of the courts and the sense of intent, the notions of the law of provocation, etc. But if, sensibly, we restrain ourselves to a simple explanation of the offence, we have specified sufficient proof to allow any person of ordinary personality to stay clear of the rules of the law of homicide. So far if we were enquired by D, a young medic at the beginning of her profession, what she must do if she is not to be sentenced for manslaughter, the discussion would unavoidably be longer. For instance, she might ask what would be her situation if, throughout the path of a widespread of infection, she misdiagnosed V’s meningitis as a case of flu, a fault which leads to the decease of victim. She might additionally ask whether her inexperience and any fatigue from overtask would be factors in her support, or whether it would be applicable if she was seeing many cases of flu at the period which presented signs comparable to those experienced by victim. Undoubtedly we could offer support implied in general terms, but to offer anything impending adequate direction we would need to talk to an experienced and qualified medical consultant to catch some logic of how bad a fault it is to cloud flu with meningitis. Coming to conclusion, the fact of the matter is that if a legal system in the common law practise is to avoid unnecessary particularity in criminal guideline, for many offences it must use, as definitional features, evaluative principles of substantial generality. Regularly, the most the law will say are things like, â€Å"if you drive a car, drive with due care and attention, if you take and retain someone else’s property, and make sure you are acting honestly. Numerous of additional samples could be specified. Wherever the jury is given the concluding say on whether D has failed to encounter such a standard, its task is observed, juridical, as concerning an outcome of fact rather than a judgment of law. Much would be vanished if violations reliant on on such outcomes were to be eliminated from the law. Regrettably, one price to be paid is that individuals matter to laws drafted in this way can only be assumed with comprehensive, â€Å"ball park† advice as to the conditions where they can misbehave against such laws. That seems to be satisfactory to please the necessities of Article 7.

Details of Easy College Essay Topics

Details of Easy College Essay Topics Easy College Essay Topics: No Longer a Mystery Now you know how to write a college essay, we've got a good deal more specific resources for you to excel. If you wish to create a college essay which works, you will need to provide importance on the content which you will offer the admissions officer of your intended university with. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doesn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. Developing a wonderful college essay may lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. You are able to also get the reader's attention by starting your college admission essay with a rather intriguing story line that may produce the reader really curious to find out more about your college admission essay. When you have addressed, answered and explained your introduction within the body, you need to know how to correctly end your college admission essay. Now you've caught the interest of the reader via your introduction, you ought to be in a position to sustain the reader's interest and curiosity by inventing a great body for your college admission essay. To make it simpler for you, you only have to remember specific parts of the college essay format college that you may use in writing your college admission essay. There's nobody approach to compose an essay, and there are not any fixed rules. Besides the things you should always bear in mind, in addition, there are some things which you shouldn't do when creating the content of your college essay. Now you have the format right, it's time to learn some suggestions that will assist you in making a killer impact by means of your essay. The Appeal of Easy College Essay Topics Let's go through the crucial measures which will help you turn an outstanding topic into an outstanding essay. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. When you begin writing, don't be concerned about your essay's length. Essays are a lot shorter than books. If, on the flip side, you have more than 1 idea you love, consider whether any of them may be used for different essays you must write. Well, now you have to return to that list and determine which essays you still will need to write. To develop an incredible introduction for your college essay format, it is going to be simpler if you make a draft of how you would like your college admission essay to be. Prior to starting editing, set your essay aside for an about a week. Essay format doesn't have anything to do with the true content of the essay, it is the way you organize and present it. Stick to the same since it is an essential format for college essays. The secret to writing your very first draft isn't to be concerned about whether it's any good just get something on paper and go from that point. One of the absolute most troublesome things in writing essays is finding a very good title. You shouldn't write about the exact topic you used for your private statement, though it's fine to chat about something similar, provided that you adopt a clearly various angle. Nowadays you own a list of prospective topics, but probably no clue where to begin. What Everybody Dislikes About Easy College Essay Topics a nd Why The reader should observe relationships between different points. Be aware you do not need to have solved the issue, and a few of the greatest essays will explore problems which need to be solved later on. Regardless of the ample quantity of substantial research materials and intelligent ideas, the essay may wind up flawed in the event the student doesn't have effective writing skills. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to folks who are quite interested in how you'll manage the subsequent four years by yourself. The Supreme Strategy for Easy College Essay Topics Now, employing a sample college essay isn't the exact same as plagiarism. The duration of your essay is not what universities start looking for. If you neglect to adhere to the easy MLA (Modern Language Association) instructions on the best way to format your essays, the examiners will believe you don't even have the capacity to follow simple instructions properly. In some instances the author might be an organization or department, therefore the stating of their name will finish the APA essay format.

Comparing Margaret Cavendish’s The Description of a New...

Comparing Margaret Cavendish’s The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World and Sir Thomas More’s Utopia The so-called Utopia – the quasi-perfect society – flourishes in Margaret Cavendish’s â€Å"The Description of a New World, Called a Blazing World† and Sir Thomas More’s Utopia. While the former is a dreamlike account of fantasy rule and the latter a pseudo-realistic travelogue, both works paint a picture of worlds that are not so perfect after all. These imperfections glitter like false gemstones in the paths of these Utopians’ religious beliefs, political systems, and philosophical viewpoints. Religion and spirituality reach into the depths of the human psyche and strongly influence a nation’s way of life.†¦show more content†¦In More’s Utopia, everyone does indeed worship different gods, yet they must all believe in one single eternal power. This allows Hythloday the narrator and his comrades to convert some of the Utopians into Christians, for the citizens readily accept the one-god notion and the practice of sharing communal goods (More 517). No one is condemned due to his or her religious beliefs in Utopia. A fanatic who begins condemning other religions is tried on a charge, â€Å"not of despising their religion, but of creating a public disorder† and is sent into exile (More 518). Does this reflect a society with utopian religious ideals? In Utopia, there are two sects of religious people – the ascetic sect whose members do not marry or eat meat, and the sect that allows its members to marry and eat meat. The Utopi ans regard the second as more sensible, but the first holier. They believe that â€Å"anyone [who] chose celibacy over marriage and a hard life over a comfortable one on grounds of reason alone† is insane; but â€Å"as these men say they are motivated by religion, the Utopians respect and revere them† (More 520). Truly, religion shapes a nation’s identity and beliefs, and in the cases of the Blazing World and Utopia, some aspects of their religion mars their perfect societies. Closely linked to religion is marriage, a celebration governed by the government of Utopia. Marriage is a